INSTRUCTIONAL EFFECTIVENESS CONSULTANT

M. David Merrill

SOLO

Structure

Observed

Learning

Outcomes

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

Gronlund (1999) proposes starting with a general statement and then providing specific examples of topics to be covered or behaviors to be observed (a deductive approach).
An example of a Gronlund objective is:
The student can perform simple multiplication.

a. can define what multiplication means, in his our her own words
b. can define relevant terms such as "multiplier" and "product"

c. can solve problems of the type 5 X 4 = ______.

SUBSUMPTION THEORY

David P. Ausubel...........
" If I had to reduce all educational psychology to just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly."




ADVANCE ORGANIZERS = concepts maps=mind maps